[{"pk": 808, "fields": {"latest_date_14C_age": null, "period_reference": ["5CVBHA5J", "7JWRW7JH", "BU7965JP", "UMDQBGS3"], "latest_date_calibration": null, "settlement_structure": [], "grave_type": [], "settlement_type": null, "cave_rockshelters_type": 2, "settlement_special_features": [], "latest_date_14C_age_calibrated": null, "grave_age_groups": [], "earliest_datedated_by": [], "grave_number_of_graves": "", "latest_date_lab_number": "", "created": "2016-11-14T16:43:49.221Z", "grave_number_of_not_specified_sex": null, "cemetery_or_graves_topography": [], "comment": "", "grave_manipulations_of_graves": [], "reference": ["2ZFJSQ4X", "5CVBHA5J", "7JWRW7JH", "8TMSSC74", "98GD2I3N", "9GIUHGXP", "EBMEM2HW", "NDNZH29U", "QEU6PBVX", "QNI6F79R", "S9BAHJUD", "TB2WBI6F", "UMDQBGS3", "VFWG6NSA", "WKKPPSAS", "X6TIMVDM"], "quarry_exploitation_type": null, "grave_estimated_number_of_individuals": "", "area_nr": "", "latest_date_date_of_calibration": null, "latest_datedated_by": [], "grave_sexes": [], "grave_number_of_female_sex": null, "period_comment": "In the rock shelter of Area B remains from the 7th millennium cal. BC were excavated; occupation contemporary with  the Pottery Neolithic Levels V-0 of \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck East; occupation dates to 6500-6000 cal. BC;", "grave_type_of_human_remains": [], "description": "An occupation-area was excavated in Area B, in the same rock shelter that was occupied in the Epi-Paleolithic. It overlay 1,2 m of debris (rock face collapse). \r\n2 Phases of activity were distinguished. Earlier phase: series of large irregularly oval cuts (fire pits), filled with a mass of stone and bone material (from food preparation and consumption as well as other activities); the features were cut into by a ca. 80 cm deep curvilinear scoop that ran between 2 projecting shoulders of the rock face, and the upper edge of the cut was lined with courses of stones, forming a walled enclosure against the rock face; initial phases of this structure maybe were a habitation structure; several phases of reconstructed hearths and an oven were in built into wall; little structural debris was found in- or outside of this structures, but a mass of reed phytoliths indicates maybe a light superstructure made of reeds;\r\na range of debris accumulated in the structure over time, some from occupation in the area, some from dumped material at abandonment; the structure was occupied repeatedly, perhaps more intensely in earlier phases and it might have been an animal pen in some phases, but the spherulites are in low density and the character of the deposits is very different to penning deposits at \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck, so this theory is less likely;\r\nthe difference in building technique to \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck indicates that this site was used as a seasonal camp-site.\r\nAnimal remains from this site: aurochs, equids (probably hunted; also indicated by obsidian projectile points that were recovered, similar to those from \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck);\r\nthe animal finds indicate a significance of hunting; the animals were probably butchered on site, but components of large animals were taken away (either to further camp-sites or sedentary villages); bird bones were found, especially from wetland species; \r\ndomestic sheep remains (from fills within the structure); the many sheep fetuses indicate death and/or killing of pregnant ewes along with dead neonates --> that may suggest resource stress, e.g. fodder shortage or human-related local resource restrictions, or on the other hand plentiful stock; there were also dead sheep neonates, which could represent strategies related to enhancing milk yield for human consumption, but its efficacy is debatable; also bones of 13 to 16 month old sheep were found --> indicates a seasonal signature for February to April; perinatal remains and shed deciduous teeth of lambs suggest that the animals were kept in close proximity to the camp-sites;\r\ncaprine remains (and remains of young fox and migratory birds) suggest autumn to early spring culling\r\nthe animal remains suggest that this was a regular camp-site for hunters and herders;\r\n\r\nPlant remains: carbonized as well as phytoliths --> carbonized wood was plentiful here; rarely  cultivated cereals and legumes (carbonized or phytoliths) found;\r\nquantities of wetland plants (used for bedding, as fibers or animal fodder); terebinth and almond wood was used for campfires and ovens, but nuts from those plants were uncommon;\r\nground stone grinding tools were rare (only one documented), therefore plant food acquisition and processing was probably not important at this site;\r\n\r\nChipped stone: 90% of the material was obsidian (similar to contemporary \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck in material, similar reduction strategies and tool types, including pressure blade and single platform direct percussion blade production and opposed platform blade production; flakes are also common);\r\non-site production of blades and flakes from opposed platform irregular small cores;\r\nknapping was limited (because of low densities of the chipped stones), but it was carried out --> quantities of micro-debitage, also flakes from biface production from occasional knapping episodes; much of the larger knapping product was removed, both from the rock shelter and the site;\r\nthere was biface and point production, small blades and flakes from irregular bidirectional cores; no direct evidence for pressure blade production was discovered, lots of the found blade products of pressure technique were brought on site, were used here and then discarded;\r\nP\u0131narba\u015f\u0131 was a discontinuously occupied hunter-herder camp-site; there were both finished and partially prepared or reduced raw material or blanks found; \r\n\r\nShells: there were shell beads, e.g. from the Mediterranean Nassarius gibbosulus; but there were also two large shells that weren't beads; one of them came from the Southern Gulfs (the Red Sea or Persian Gulf region); they probably were precious and symbolically significant items;\r\n\r\nPlaster Object: a series of plaster objects contained animal bones, and they included geometric items (ovoids and larger or less regular shapes), comparable to the association of plaster and bones at \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck, but in different forms;\r\n--> none of the material derived from fixtures on structures, some of the plastic objects were finished products; in \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck, specific elements of specific species were incorporated into installations and clay cones in structures, especially the dangerous bits of wild animals;\r\nin P\u0131narba\u015f\u0131, it was a little bit different: the most common species are well represented and incorporated into plaster objects, i.e. herded sheep, hunted aurochs, and equids, there were no preferences for specific elements of the animals;  in P\u0131narba\u015f\u0131  sheep feet, equid jaws, elements of long bones were incorporated in plaster objects, and these seem to be deposited in distinct clutches, placed within the general fill but in undistinguished contexts; the plaster of the objects fills up the cavities of the bones --> the bones were largely defleshed when the wet plaster was shaped around them. It is suggested that the plastering took place as post-consumption rituals.\r\n\r\nRelationships with \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck: maybe a task group from sedentary village communities from the area settled here, either from \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck or Can Hasan I, but maybe it was just groups of mobile hunters-herders that co-existed with sedentary villagers;\r\nmaybe the inhabitants had close relations to \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck; there was definitely contact between the two sites, the distance between them was traveled regularly (much of the andesite in \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck comes from the P\u0131narba\u015f\u0131 area) --> it is plausible that people from \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck used the P\u0131narba\u015f\u0131 rock shelter, but in relatively small groups (maybe young to middle aged males --> comparable to the wall painting scenes from \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck);\r\n", "site": 667, "period": [], "latest_date_standard_deviation": null, "area_type": 1, "settlement_human_remains": null, "earliest_date_lab_number": "", "grave_number_of_male_sex": null, "quarry_raw_material": [], "cemetery_or_grave": null, "cemetery_or_graves_mortuary_features": [], "settlement_construction_type": [], "earliest_date_delta13": null, "earliest_date_14C_age_calibrated": null, "earliest_date_14C_age": null, "radiocarbon_dated": "yes", "dating_method": [3, 1], "public": true, "cave_rockshelters_evidence_of_occupation": [7, 5], "earliest_date_calibration": null, "settlement_building_technique": [], "latest_date_delta13": null, "earliest_date_date_of_calibration": null, "cave_rockshelters_human_remains": "no", "modified": "2016-11-14T16:43:49.221Z", "earliest_date_standard_deviation": null}, "model": "defcdb.area"}]